This section explores the potential of sustainable finance to act as an instrument of change in addressing global sustainability challenges. Sustainable finance encompasses financial practices that integrate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations into decision-making and capital allocation processes. The study examines its applications across three domains: financial instruments (e.g., cap-and-trade, green bonds), corporate finance (e.g., internalization of externalities and sustainability-driven valuation), and the financial industry (e.g., ESG risk management and green lending). While sustainable finance aligns with primary global goals such as the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), its capacity to drive change hinges on critical factors including intentionality, measurable impact, and regulatory support. The analysis reveals that although instruments like social impact bonds and sustainability-linked loans show promise, concerns about greenwashing and inconsistent definitions limit effectiveness. The concept of double materiality—acknowledging both the impact of sustainability on financial performance and vice versa—is key to enhancing its transformative potential. Moreover, complementary public policy, standardized frameworks, and science-based targets are necessary to unlock the full impact of sustainable finance. Ultimately, while not all forms of sustainable finance yield substantial change, the field’s evolution positions it as a significant—if imperfect—lever for shaping a more resilient and equitable global economy.