Climate-Smart Advanced Technological Interventions in Field Crop Production Under Problematic Soil for Sustainable Agricultural Development

Soil salinity and sodicity are the major problems, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Adverse land topography, impeded drainage lines, heavy deep textured soil, toxic salt accumulation, climate change and poor resource base and mobilisation are the major constraints, which continue to degrade the soil's physical, chemical and biological environment. These make agricultural activities unsustainable and the socio-economic condition of the farming community at risk. Many conventional and non-conventional site-specific and cost-effective standard remedial measures were developed to restore the physical, chemical and biological environment of the soil for sustaining the agricultural production system and bringing the farmers’ income. Recently, the induction of scientific tools and techniques like satellite-based Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) are employed for the systematic management of land, water and crop at the regional to local levels. These technologies’ benefits can be meaningfully translated to farmers’ fields for the planned use of natural resources and crop production functions.