Applications of Photogrammetry for the Reproduction and Substitution of Ornamental Elements on the Façade

Photogrammetry is a cutting-edge technique that enables objects digital conservation via the creation accurate 3D models. It is used in many fields, such as cultural heritage, archaeology, virtual and augmented reality, and precision architecture. This research addresses the principles and advantages of digital photogrammetry nowadays, analyzing its application for the rehabilitation of ornamental elements on facades of historic buildings that are part of the cultural heritage legacy, specifically in a historic building in Granada. In order to proceed with the replacement and installation of the ornamental elements, first, it was necessary to reproduce them. Secondly, their identification was needed. In this context, photogrammetry techniques were used to reproduce the digital models of each ornamental element, and process them later and create the replicas. Once the digital models were reviewed, the parts were manufactured thank to the computerized numerical control techniques (CNC). CNC is commonly used in manufacturing processes to automate the operation of machines. This study aims to explain the reproduction process by photogrammetry. This research shows the results obtained in the Granada rehabilitation project, in contrast to the current situation and means of digital photogrammetry and other technologies used for similar purposes, proposing alternatives and other possible technical adaptations.