Advancements in Biorefineries Through Techno-Economic Analysis and Eco-Industrial Parks

This chapter focuses on the significance of biorefineries in the successful implementation of bioeconomy, highlighting their function as integrated processing units for multiple stages of biomass valorization and high-value product generation. Biorefineries are classified into first-(1G), second-(2G), and third-generation (3G) biorefineries based on the type of biomass used. Although 1G biorefineries remain prevalent, the need for sustainable alternatives to biomass supply to ensure continuous production is emphasized. Key aspects of the sustainability of biomass-based biorefineries, such as continuous biomass production, active involvement of farmers in new business models, and promotion of sustainable agricultural practices, are discussed. The importance of including farmers in decision-making and establishing policies for equitable income distribution along the value chain is also emphasized. The development of diverse biorefineries is crucial for a sustainable bioeconomy.