Evolution of Cyber Physical Systems Towards Industrial Metaverse

This research discusses the profound technological changes that have taken place around us during the last two decades, supported by the new disruptive advances both on the software and the hardware sides, as well as the cross-fertilization of concepts and the amalgamation of information, communication and control technology driven approaches. In recent years, in an attempt to change the whole format of industrial automation, these developments have been taken further, especially in Germany, under the label “Industry 4.0”. The dominant feature of Industry 4.0 is the integration of the virtual world with the physical world through the Internet of Things (IoT). Such engineered systems are named Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) built from, and depends upon, the seamless integration of computational algorithms and physical components. A more recent description of what is happening around us is digital transformation. It fundamentally changes how a business operates and delivers value to its customers by the integration of digital technologies into all areas of the business. Traditional industrial systems had long-lasting lifecycles, perhaps spanning at least a decade in most cases. However recently, we have been witnessing an increasingly rapid pace of change, what is new today is becoming a common commodity the next day. Then the work continues with a discussion of the integration of AI in digital transformation in the form of smart manufacturing. In the final parts of the presentation how CPSs are affected by all these changes. Using the recent buzz word, can we now talk about evolution of CPSs into industrial metaverse?