This encyclopaedia entry examines the evolving roles of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teachers in the context of computer-assisted language learning (CALL), with a focus on the growing influence of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. It explores how digital tools, from corpus analysis software to generative AI (GenAI) platforms such as ChatGPT, are reshaping the pedagogical practices, professional identities, and development needs of EAP/ESP practitioners. The discussion sheds light on the complex challenges teachers face as they navigate language teaching, subject-area expertise, and digital tools, especially in contexts where resources and support are limited. It also considers the critical need for structured teacher education programs that address the unique demands of specialized language instruction in digitally mediated environments. Central to the analysis is the call for a more inclusive and context-sensitive approach to CALL integration, one that not only promotes innovation but also preserves the human and disciplinary dimensions of language education. By identifying the gaps in teacher training, institutional support, and resource access, this entry adds to the ongoing conversation about how AI tools may help shape the future of specialized language teaching, making instruction in EAP and ESP more meaningful, personalized, and grounded in sound pedagogy.