Technostress
摘要
Technostress refers to the psychological stress individuals experience when adopting, using, or managing new digital technologies. Technostress is a growing concern in computer-assisted language learning (CALL), as educators and learners face rapid technological change and increasing digital demands. This entry explores the origins of technostress, its dimensions (techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity, and techno-uncertainty), and how these factors influence teaching effectiveness, learning motivation and institutional resilience. Practical mitigation strategies that draw on empirical studies are offered at the technological, pedagogical, psychological and institutional levels. By addressing technostress proactively, CALL stakeholders can foster more sustainable, inclusive, and effective digital learning environments in language education.