Vocabulary learning is the cornerstone of language acquisition, which has evolved greatly over time. This chapter will introduce the nature of vocabulary learning, its current trends in computer-assisted language learning, and the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) in this field. As vocabulary proficiency is crucial for effective communication and overall language competence, the primary goal of this chapter is to present a variety of approaches to enhance vocabulary acquisition. This chapter will examine four key trends in vocabulary learning: (1) multimodal input, which integrates multimedia resources to provide rich, contextualized input that aids in the retention and application of new vocabulary; (2) game-based learning to create engaging and motivating learning environments, offering experiential opportunities and encouraging active participation in vocabulary learning; (3) mobile-assisted vocabulary learning, which offers flexibility and convenience through the use of mobile devices, allowing learners to practice vocabulary anytime and anywhere; and (4) corpus-based, data-driven learning, which enables language learners to build vocabulary knowledge independently through authentic, large language databases, enhancing their understanding of words, patterns, and contextual appropriateness. The chapter will conclude by introducing AI tools for vocabulary learning. These technologies have revolutionized the field by facilitating more efficient and targeted vocabulary learning, opening new avenues for personalized learning experiences.