This entry explores hashtag literacy, highlighting its role in facilitating collaborative language learning, especially on popular multimodal social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok. Hashtag literacy entails using hashtags to navigate, discover, and categorise digital content on specific topics. It enables language learners to access targeted educational content and engage in digital communications and community building with other learners. However, the contemporary perspective on hashtag literacy extends beyond these functionalities to include users’ active participation in collaborative content creation and trend-setting. This advancement in hashtag literacy practices empowers language learners not only to access but also to contribute co-creatively to educational content, thus facilitating more dynamic and interactive learning experiences. This entry demonstrates how hashtag literacy can enhance pedagogical strategies and promote learner engagement in both formal curricula and informal autonomous learning environments.