From the perspective of a CALL practitioner, generative AI (GenAI) represents an innovative technology that offers unprecedented capabilities using large language models (LLMs) and large multimodal models (LMMs), such as ChatGPT with inbuilt DALL-E technology, to optimise language education. GenAI combines knowledge from various disciplines, ranging from computational science and natural-language processing to philosophy, education, and other humanities’ subjects. This entry discusses the affordances of GenAI in CALL, with attention to agency of the teacher and learner, while highlighting the importance of human roles in CALL. Due to the rapid advancement of GenAI technology, its capabilities are likely to improve even as this entry is being written, paving the way for other state-of-the-art technologies in this field. I outline further impacts of GenAI on CALL and mention some technical limitations that may improve in the foreseeable future.