Occasionalism has played a significant role in the Islamic tradition. It was introduced by Muslim scholars in the tenth century and proved to be persuasive to the effect of becoming a mainstream theory in Sunni Islam. The present entry starts by outlining occasionalism’s standing in relation to alternative divine causality theories. The entry presents the peculiarities of Islamic occasionalism, and in that regard explains various problems associated with it and the solutions that have been offered. It is thereby made clear that Islamic occasionalism is embedded in various metaphysical theories and theses. The final section of the entry extensively presents and explains prominent philosophical arguments offered by Muslim occasionalists in support of occasionalism.