The understanding of causality in the Ashʿarī school, which is one of the important schools of Islamic philosophical theology (kalām), is based on three foundational elements: an omnipotent God, atomistic physics, and occasionalistic continuous re-creation. In this context, God upholds the entire world and its processes; He is the sole free agent (fāʿil al-mukhtār) and the sole efficient cause of the entire world, including everything within it and their processes, without the need for any rationale, reason, or justification for His actions. He created all beings ex nihilo, bringing them into existence from nothing, and continues to recreate them at every instant. Just as nothing in the universe lies beyond His intervention, all beings continuously rely on the influence of His absolute attributes at every moment. This view rejects the notion of spontaneous, determinate, and necessary action of finite and limited beings particularly denying causality to objects and events in the universe. The human conception or interpretation of the order and uniformity in the universe, which emerges from the succession of cause and effect in both the universe and human actions, is grounded in God’s absolute and unrestricted free will to create them concurrently. In this context, the Ashʿarī model of the universe, which excludes determinism and autonomy of finite beings while being based on relational/occasional causality, rejects all religious-philosophical ideologies, particularly Aristotelian essentialist causality, which contradict this understanding.