Re-Engaging the Immune System: Immunotherapy for Neuroblastoma

Recent strategies, including immunotherapy and molecular-targeted therapy, have been extensively investigated and added clinical benefits to conventional multimodal therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. For neuroblastoma, it has been challenging since there are multiple mechanisms of immune evasion which have not been fully understood. To overcome these mechanisms, modification of treatment strategies using monoclonal antibodies such as chemoimmunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy have been tested and showed its efficacy and safety. New strategies using humanized antibodies and vaccines also have shown promising results in recent years. Furthermore, next generation of immunotherapies such as bispecific antibodies and CART cells will CART cells will provide new opportunities for relapsed or refractory disease which generally has dismal prognosis. Here, we review current strategies and future perspectives of immunotherapy for neuroblastoma.