Methodological Basis for Assessing Negative Factors of Mineral Extraction on Beds of Rivers and Watercourses

The research focuses on the methodological basis for assessing the negative factors of the extraction of sand and gravel mixture on the beds of rivers and watercourses to take prompt measures to minimize their impact on the environment. The research objectives are as follows: (1) to identify possible negative consequences of intensive extraction of sand and gravel material from the bed of rivers and watercourses; (2) to develop a methodology for assessing the technogenic impact of the extraction of sand and gravel mixture on the floodplain of the Kugart River; (3) and to develop a working algorithm to minimize the negative aspects of mining in the coastal zones of rivers using digital methods of information processing. Analytical and field-expedition methods, GIS technologies, and mathematical modeling methods were used to solve the research problems. The authors compiled a research algorithm to study the negative effects of mining sand and gravel on the Kugart River bed. The authors developed an ecological and economic model to monitor the balance of positive and negative impacts of mining on floodplains. The used model showed that the main threat lies in destroying the previously built bank protection dams, leading to flooding and waterlogging of settlements and territories. Calculations proved that further continuation of mining operations would cause multimillion-dollar environmental damage to the economy. The research results can be used to improve environmental management mechanisms and prevent emergencies in the coastal zones of rivers and watercourses.