Maximization of Energy Efficiency for Optimal Spectral Efficiency in Massive MIMO System

High demand for wireless throughput, communication reliability, and user density, in the recent era of wireless connectivity, posts a significant challenge in the research community. To address this, multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) systems emerged as an effective wireless technology, where more users can be accommodated with the diversified huge number of antennas. The vast energy consumption of wireless communication systems has been becoming a daunting task, with an increase in users, to be dealt with precisely. Hence, this paper is an attempt put forth to present a decent study on the impact of the energy efficiency (EE) on the massive MIMO system. It is inferred that the maximal EE is attained when the base station is given several antennas and is configured to operate in “massive MIMO” mode, which lowers the energy cost per user due to multiplexing of many users and array gain from coherent detection reducing interference. In this work, the energy efficiency maximization problem is solved analytically with respect to the pilot reuse factor, number of antennas in the base station, and cell capacity (users). It is also evident from the study that spectral efficiency (SE) gets affected by maximizing energy efficiency. Furthermore, basic principles of the EE-SE trade-off in relation to important system parameters, like the number of antennas in a base station and user equipment, are also explored.