Spatial Data of Smart Cities: Trust

The fast-evolving growth of digital technologies and communications has led to an active digital transformation of cities and their infrastructures into smart cities viewed as cyber-physical systems (CPS). Such CPSs are based on data of various types used for different purposes (Prioritetnyye napravleniya vnedreniya tekhnologiy umnogo goroda v rossiyskikh gorodakh. Ekspertno-analiticheskiy doklad, M.: Tsentr strategicheskikh razrabotok «Severo-Zapad», 2018; Patentnyy landshaft «Umnyy gorod» -M.: Proyektnyy ofis FIPS, 2019). The significant amount of data collected and flowing through CPSs is spatial object data or spatial data (Steve H.L. Liang, Chih-Yuan Huang, Sensors 13:13402-13424, 2013; Tkachenko, Gradostroitel'naya tematika v mezhdunarodnykh standartakh ISO TK 268: problemy i perspektivy, 2017; Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii. Vnedreniye tsifrovykh resheniy v sistemu gradostroitel’nogo proyektirovaniya na osnove podkhoda «Umnyy gorod», 2018; Mayorov and Artamonov, Geoprostranstvennyye tekhnologii v kontseptsii «Umnogo goroda»: analiz i issledovaniye primerov ispol’zovaniya, 2018). The sustainable development of smart cities determines the most appropriate level of city management system and supports reliable decision-making based on trustworthy data in every aspect of life (Popov Ye and Semyachkov, Matritsa pokazateley razvitiya umnykh gorodov. Natsional’nyye interesy: prioritety i bezopasnost’, 2020; Tsifrovizatsiya rossiyskikh gorodov: reyting otkrytykh sistem prostranstvennykh dannykh, 2020). As an example, in 2020, Moscow (Russia) was included in the list of Top 10 smart cities that have received international certificates (ISO 37120, ISO 37122) (Certificate № S22–2020-E-0004, 05.31.2022; Certificate №2020-S-0155, 04.30.2022). However, at present, there is no holistic and systematic approach to estimating the degree and mechanisms of influence of spatial data on ensuring confidence in the CPS data for smart cities.