Flood Susceptibility Mapping of the Markanda River Basin in North-West India

Floods, the worst natural disasters, are causing death and destruction worldwide. In river basins, the identification of flood-prone regions is exceptionally a challenging task in hydrological research. Therefore, this work focuses on mapping of flood susceptibility in the Markanda River basin of north-western India by employing morphometric and geospatial methods combined with secondary data sources. In order to map out the Markanda and its sub-basins (nine), a digital elevation model (DEM) derived from the Cartosat-1 satellite data served as an intake in the geographical information system (GIS). Afterward, to visualise the flood susceptibility, both directly and inversely proportional morphometric parameters (areal, linear, shape, and relief) contributing to floods were chosen, estimated, and attached. The analysis reveals that Runchoh, Trilokpur, and Toka sub-basins have more tendencies to reach peak flow abruptly. Additionally, the degree of hazard associated with flooding was identified and classified as high (7%), moderate (17%), and low (76%). Areas with a high risk of flooding have been detected in the upper areas, where 2.8% of the basin’s population resides. These areas are characterised by high relief, drainage density, sharp slopes, impermeability, and unproductive surfaces. With the help of techniques used and the results from this study, disaster managers can start flood mitigation actions where monitoring of both hydrological and land surface factors is either absent or inadequate.