Perfluorooctane Sulphonic Acid (PFOS), Its Salts, and Perfluorooctane Sulphonyl Fluoride (PFOS-F)

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a representative compound of perfluorinated chemicals known for its exceptional properties, widely used in various industries. In 2009, the Stockholm Convention listed perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (PFOS), its salts, and perfluorooctane sulphonyl fluoride (PFOSF) under Annex B. They are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) reported to accumulate in organisms and exhibit toxic effects on plants and animals. This chapter gives technical details, usage status, and relevant scientific research on PFOS and PFOSF in India. International data highlights of PFOS’s bioaccumulation, toxicity, and prevalence have also been included in this study for different countries. This chapter emphasizes the need for effective PFOS management strategies and discusses various scientific solutions for PFOS treatment. Despite alternatives, the phase wise implementation of replacements remains a challenge, especially in developing countries.