Current Trends in Biosynthesis, Extraction, Purification, and Refining of Antibiotics

Antibiotics are a class of molecules that resist infections developed by microbes. Antimicrobial resistance is posing a greater threat to combating diseases. Administration and prescription of any specific antibiotics are therefore necessary for the overall future benefits, taking into account the associated side effects. Therefore, it is appropriate to know the mechanism of action of all recognized antibiotics before their introduction into our health-care transport system, and current molecular biological methods have played very important roles in explaining our understanding in this respect. This chapter describes the recent tendencies from biosynthesis to purification of antibiotics that can be helpful in future drug development.