Mobile Applications in Smart Tourism and Smart Cities Based on Crowdsourcing

At the time of writing, there are 6.8 billion smartphone users worldwide and projections indicate that this number will surpass seven billion by 2024 [21]. That being the case, we focused on investigating how this portable technology could contribute to the development of smart cities and smart tourism. This extensive research led to a significant contribution: the establishment and presentation of three frameworks that rely heavily on crowdsourcing and crowdsensing via mobile phones and could be utilised within the context of smart tourism and smart cities, which could improve the quality of life for locals and offer a smart experience for tourists without the need for additional and costly infrastructure.