Study and Determination of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Selective Multifunctional Surfaces: Definitions and Characterization Methods

Micro/nanostructures, one of the most important areas of scientific research, have received a great deal of attention. for their numerous self-cleaning applications. Their outstanding properties, like rigidity, enable materials for a wide range of applications, particularly in the food, aerospace, household appliance, and, above all, aerospace industries. However, these materials have a low resistance to corrosion. The mechanical properties of pure metals are generally relatively weak. The addition of other elements “hardens” the metal and enhances its mechanical properties. In addition to the mechanical reinforcements generated by deformation, such as work-hardening, there are chemical hardenings by the addition of elements in solid solution or by the precipitation of secondary hardening phases such as carbides. Our research is focused on identifying the various structural characterization techniques ([X-ray scattering (XRD), SEM, TEM]) applied to ZnO-based solar cells, and investigating crystalline structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to obtain high-quality ZnO films. After analyzing the spectra, we note that the increase in substrate temperature has caused the atoms to cool more slowly, their scattering to become wider and the crystallinity of the films to improve.