Applied Sciences Green Microalgae for Future Biomass Development

The green revolution of the twentieth century led to an increase in global energy production. The evolution and improvement of crops mainly marked it through targeted selection and genetic modification. Microalgae biomass is a highly promising alternative for human and animal food production, although this technique is considered less applicable for the time being. The major problem is that the scale of biomass production is increasing, and processing costs are becoming high. Human energy demand is rising towards 80% provided by fossil fuels. However, the excessive use of fossil fuels releases large quantities of greenhouse gases, creating a greenhouse effect. Today, energy continues to be a major concern for the world’s strongest countries. Morocco, whose energy resources are minimal, is over 95% dependent on the outside world, which accounts for a quarter of total export earnings. However, the efficiency of microalgae systems is highly dependent on biotic and abiotic conditions. Many variables are involved in the production process of microalgal biomass, including algal species, wastewater or nutrients, and others. Microalgal biomass has become effective for soil fertilization in a form suitable for roots and at an appropriate rate. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the changes made since the implementation of renewable energies based on microalgae and their impact on the improvement and productivity of energy while reducing costs and promoting environmental sustainability.