Analyzing Urban Spatial Distribution in 2D and 3D for Smart City Planning and Zoning

Urban spatial distribution is becoming an important element in smart city planning and zoning. The rapid growth in distribution may be due to the increasing demand for a fast-paced lifestyle and modernization in the city. Clustering analysis is used to analyze urban spatial distribution. Therefore, this study intends to maximize the technique to figure out the distribution of urban areas by distinguishing them into two different environments: two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D). Based on the previous study of analyzing urban spatial distribution, both 2D and 3D environments are expected to produce the same results. Contrary to what has often been assumed, the results between the two environments are rather insignificant to each other. The finding indicates that in the 3D environment, it can give more information needed compared to the usual flat representation data. The output shows that different dimensionalities may impact the analysis of urban distribution. Urban spatial models have been widely used to plan to zone and analyze the growth of the smart city. Through this study, the urban spatial model is used to verify the result of urban spatial distribution and its zoning. Based on verification, a 3D urban model is proposed to reflect the real spatial distribution of the land use zoning themes of the smart city. The model is expected to be adapted to real-world conditions and improve the analysis of smart city planning and zoning.