Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) was initially described as an effective sample preparation technology in 2006. However, researchers are still interested in making it more efficient, and ecologically friendly. The dispersion of extraction solvent in aqueous samples is the critical stage in DLLME, which is commonly accomplished using dispersive solvents. Because hazardous dispersive solvents offer a significant environmental danger, attempts have been undertaken to produce greener dispersion procedures while maintaining high extraction efficiency. When it comes to ordinary DLLME, the number of fascinating approaches for changing disperser solvents has expanded. As a result, the goal of this chapter is to provide a overview of current developments in DLLME dispersion modes. Different strategies are covered, including the employment of environmentally-benign dispersers as well as other dispersion methodologies. The most noteworthy approaches that have been implemented to date are highlighted. The problems and prospects for the future of these techniques are discussed. The chapter offer new study avenues, reinforce existing hypotheses, and discover trends among existing DLLME research papers.