Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction

From its introduction until now, more than 20 years ago, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) has been consolidated as sample preparation technique. This chapter revisits the fundamentals of this solventless technique and discusses the different aspects affecting its performance, with special emphasis on working under non-equilibrium conditions. Special attention is focused on its limitations, mainly those derived for the extraction of non-polar compounds, and how researchers try to solve them by resorting to derivatization strategies, by developing new workflows and approaches, and/or by proposing new sorbents and synthetic procedures. Those SBSE-derived extraction techniques and the advantages they present are also described and deeply discussed. An exhaustive revision of those published papers just applying these techniques are not described considering they have been extensively compiled in recent published review articles, but those contributing with some of the above-mentioned developments are commented on.