Stochastic Modelling for Energy Efficiency in LTE-A and LTE-5G Networks

Maximizing energy efficiency in User Equipment (UE) is a critical concern due to the limited power sources available in these devices. This holds true for both LTE-A and LTE-5G networks. To assess energy efficiency in these networks, we’ve developed three stochastic models: the Markov model, semi-Markov model, Markov regenerative process (MRGP) model. The Markov and semi-Markov model focuses on the discontinuous reception (DRX) mechanism, and the MRGP model pertains to the Modified DRX mechanism. We’ve derived explicit expressions for steady-state system size probabilities across all these models. Additionally, we’ve computed energy savings in UE based on the DRX mechanism states and performed sensitivity analyses for both the Markov and semi-Markov models. In the case of the MRGP model, we’ve determined the optimal system’s energy savings and throughput by optimizing parameters like maximum short sleep and short sleep duration. To evaluate energy efficiency in LTE-5G networks, we’ve explored the trade-off between energy savings, average energy consumption, and throughput. Our analysis of the DRX mechanism provides valuable insights into its performance and lays the groundwork for potential enhancements to existing DRX mechanisms. We believe that these models have the potential to be extended for studying energy savings in hardware and other system components, contributing to overall energy efficiency improvements.