Disposal

Solid wasteSolid waste disposalDisposal varies for country to country and place to place. Worldwide around 37% of waste is disposed of in some type of landfillLandfill, 33% is openly dumped, 19% undergoes material recovery, and 11% is treated through modern incinerationIncineration. 93% of waste is dumped in low-income nations, whereas only 2% in high-income nations. Middle East and North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia regions openly dumpDump more than 50% of the waste generated. Upper-middle-income counties dispose 54% of solid wasteSolid waste through landfillLandfill. High-income nations dispose up to 39%, recycleRecycle/compostCompost 36% and incinerate 22%. Over the period, there is a change in solid wasteSolid waste disposalDisposal due to the legal requirement, environmental concern, and international pressure. Methods of solid wasteSolid waste disposalDisposal include open burningOpen burning, dumping into the sea, sanitary landfillsanitary landfill, incinerationIncineration, grindingGrinding and discharging into sewers. Solid wasteSolid waste disposalDisposal is not the ultimate solution, but it is beginning of a new problem. The health and environmental consequences of wasteWaste disposalDisposal have been driving forces to changing scenario in solid wasteSolid waste disposalDisposal across the world. In addressing these points, this chapter discusses various approaches for disposalDisposal of solid wasteSolid waste.