Other Isms Due to Age, Language, Religion, and Region

Identities related to age, language (ESL), religion, and region are explored. Barriers to dismantling isms related to age, language, religion and region are discussed. The barriers (social dominance theory, systemic oppression/privilege, internalized oppression/privilege, unconscious and automatic activation of stereotypes, and prejudices) need to be deconstructed in order for action plans to work. The chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding concepts correctly since isms are different from prejudice, discrimination, and microaggression. Misunderstanding or inappropriate use of concepts interferes with developing effective action plans for equity and justice. For example, action plans for ageism involve working on changing or modifying laws, policies, or rules. However, discrimination against an older adult involves asking specific questions with civility to make sure both parties understand the problem correctly in order to develop effective action plans. The chapter also illustrates the intersectionality of the whole person’s identities (e.g., race, gender, sexual orientation, class, impairment/disability, age, language, religion, and region, etc.) enables an invisible or partially visible person to be totally visible. The chapter provides transformative learning activities immediately after discussing the relevant concept for readers to connect the concept to their lived experience which facilitates knowing their inner experience.