Regenerative Medicine for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction referred to pain caused by arthritis and either hypermobility or hypomobility of weakened, injured, or sprained ligaments is one of the common causes of low back pain and disability that can be difficult to treat. Injections with biologic solutions have been successfully used to treat painful sacroiliac joint arthropathy. While the diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain is often made by pain patterns, tenderness and provocative signs, the definitive diagnosis is provided by intraarticular diagnostic blocks yielding a positive prevalence of 10–27% of chronic nonradicular low back pain. This chapter will discuss the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and anatomic anatomy in the role of biologic intraarticular and extraarticular injections and available literature with technical considerations of the procedures. There have been a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies leading to systematic reviews.