Terrorism and Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems International Society Between the End of Scientific Research and the End of Humanity

This chapter presents an initial discussion of scenarios linked to terrorism and lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWs). This chapter discusses two arguments: first, LAWs are different from nuclear weapons because all state and non-state actors can have access to them, and second, technological progress goes faster than international law and diplomacy, which should ban or limit the use of LAWs. Considering the first argument, the chapter explains different classifications and the specificities of these weapons that distinguish them from nuclear weapons and make them more dangerous. Supporting the argument that the world is facing new threats, the chapter discusses different scenarios for the use of LAWs by state and non-state actors, and practical solutions can reduce the use of LAWs and their risks. The chapter also supplies an overview of the international laws and the international mechanisms that need a rethinking of the rules concerning the use of force. In conclusion, all the debate concerning international law will not be enough to reduce the risks of the possible use of LAWs by terrorist organizations and that international society will have only two choices: to end research on artificial intelligence in the military field or to take the risk of ending humanity by supporting research in this area.