Examining the Relationship Among Digital Inclusion of Women, National Cybersecurity Maturity, and Wellbeing: A Cross-Country Analysis

This study explores the intricate relationship between the digital inclusion of women, cybersecurity preparedness of nations (aka cybersecurity maturity), and wellbeing. Drawing on the power control theory, we examine how the digital inclusion of women contributes to the cybersecurity maturity of nations. Further, based on the conservation of resources theory, we investigate the relationship between national cybersecurity maturity and wellbeing. Through a comprehensive analysis of cross-country data from 69 nations, this study provides empirical evidence supporting the proposed relationship. Our results demonstrated that digital inclusion of women is positively associated with the cybersecurity maturity of nations. Moreover, we found that the cybersecurity maturity of nations is positively associated with wellbeing. Our findings also indicated that cybersecurity maturity fully mediates the relationship between digital inclusion of women and wellbeing. We tested the robustness of our model by examining the presence of endogeneity using the Gaussian copula approach and the presence of potential specification error using Ramsey’s test. Policymakers should prioritize promoting digital inclusion of women by implementing digital literacy programs and creating an inclusive environment by providing internet connectivity, while also investing in cybersecurity through increased funding for research and development, and the implementation of stricter cybersecurity policies.