Properties of Ideal Fluids and Changes of State

In order to describe states and their changes, thermodynamic properties of fluids are required. In addition to the thermal state values that can be measured directly and instantly, there are caloric state values to describe the energetic state that cannot be measured directly and are therefore calculated from other, accessible values. The focus in this chapter is on such caloric equations of state of ideal gases and incompressible liquids. In doing so, the findings from the previous chapters are deepened. The concept of entropy is further sharpened in order to evaluate thermodynamic processes and to show the limits of energetic conversion. Technical components such as turbines and compressors are explained by means of tasks. Fluids are subject to several successive changes of state in many applications. This is also deepened with the tasks presented.