Introduction

Energy efficiency is emerging as a key aspect of both climate change and the goal of reducing our carbon footprint. A more sustainable energy system is being configured by consumer lifestyle choices, e.g., hybrid/electric vehicles, food from sustainable agriculture, and energy efficient households. Public institutions are also providing program support, e.g., by funding equipment retrofitting and subsidizing energy efficiency in public and private facilities, with the aim at encouraging citizens to play a more active role within the electricity supply system. Utility companies are committed to the same goal, with a more intelligent network that better manages flexibility in demand, enables consumer participation in balancing services, and integrates energy storage services and self-consumption.