“Management of Emerging or Unconventional Risk Factors-2”

Stroke still contributes to the burden of disability and mortality as the growing aging populations worldwide. To effectively prevent and manage stroke, it is crucial to understand and implement strategies for primary or secondary prevention. Recent research has highlighted the impact of emerging risk factors on stroke, above and beyond conventional vascular risk factors. We focus on three perspectives (1) chronic kidney disease (CKD), (2) diet, nutrition, obesity, and (3) single-gene disorder related to vascular brain injury. (1) CKD is well established and independent risk factor for stroke. The assessment of the CKD stage can improve the discrimination of stroke risk. (2) An unhealthy diet and obesity would increase stroke risk with or without mediating the potential to influence hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. (3) Identification of the genetic stroke, such as familial cerebral small vessel disease, could contribute to improve stroke diagnosis. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge of addressing these factors with respect to stroke risk and outcomes.