Exploration of the Diverse Meanings Ascribed to Food by Consumers in Eastern Visayas, Philippines

In the context surrounding the complex dynamics of food meanings and their implication towards healthier food transition, this study aims to comprehensively understand the perceptions, beliefs, and practices ascribed to food by consumers in Eastern Visayas, Philippines. Employing a mixed-methods approach using an online survey and photovoice methods, the study delved into the multifaceted meanings and visions of food among the local consumers. In total, 138 respondents participated in the online survey and photovoice method providing a rich sample of narratives and photos for data analysis using a qualitative thematic analysis and computational text analysis. Several prominent themes were identified in the analysis. Moreover, the analysis revealed the most frequently associated words ascribed to healthy, unhealthy foods, and the future of food. Notably, fruits and vegetables emerged as the most commonly identified sources of healthy food, with descriptors encompassing various aspects such as food type, quality, cooking methods, and frequency of consumption. This emphasis on fruits and vegetables can be attributed to the influence of early childhood education, community norms, and government interventions promoting healthier eating habits. Meanwhile, unhealthy foods are characterized as those foods that have undergone intensive processing as well as foods that are high in oil fats, sugar, flavour enhancers, and preservatives. Moreover, in transitioning to a healthier food future, the respondents emphasized the importance of individual and household-level initiatives. These findings shed light on the intricate and context-dependent nature of food meanings and visions in Eastern Visayas. Furthermore, this study underscores the significance of considering local perspectives and preferences in the development of public health and nutrition policies. By recognising and respecting the diverse meanings ascribed to food, policymakers and practitioners can formulate targeted interventions that align with the specific values and beliefs held by the local population. Such context-specific approaches are crucial for fostering improved food security and overall well-being, particularly in disaster-prone regions like Eastern Visayas. This study serves as a foundation for future endeavours in understanding the complex dynamics of food meanings and their implications for public health and nutrition in diverse socio-cultural contexts.