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Intraoperative Hazards and Risks

  • Peter Kessler,
  • Nicolas Hardt

摘要

Intraoperative risks/complications include arterial and venous vessel injuries, direct and indirect nerve, and soft tissue injuries and incomplete or irregular osteotomies. For the sake of completeness, possible tooth damages and necrosis of maxillary segments or the whole maxilla must also be mentioned. Intraoperative hazards and risks: