This edited book offers a comprehensive examination of proactive behavior (PBs) in organizational contexts, emphasizing its critical role in addressing the complexities of modern work environments. Bridging psychological, sociological, and managerial perspectives, the book explores how emotions, leadership styles, and identity factors influence proactive engagement. It critically assesses both the benefits and risks of proactivity, including its impact on mental health, conflict resolution, and innovation. Special attention is given to marginalized groups—such as women, immigrants, and LGBTQ+ individuals—highlighting the systemic challenges they face and the need for inclusive, equity-driven approaches to fostering proactive behavior. The book also connects proactive practices to broader societal concerns, including sustainability and ethical governance. By integrating diverse viewpoints and highlighting underexplored dimensions, this book advances the understanding of proactive behavior as a transformative force within and beyond organizational life.