Effectiveness of Prolonged Fasting in Treating Human Chronic Diseases: Clinical Evidence and Empirical Insights from a Specialized University Medical Center

This chapter delves into the historical and medical dimensions of prolonged fasting, tracing its evolution from cultural and religious practices to its contemporary medical applications. It underscores methods and evidence linked to prolonged fasting, particularly within medical contexts, highlighting its potential advantages for prevention and treatment of diverse diseases. Medical professionals play a pivotal role in guiding and overseeing fasting, considering its multifaceted physiological, biochemical, and psychological effects. Prolonged fasting, spanning at least 4 days, encompasses varied approaches. Traditional European techniques, such as the Buchinger and FX Mayr methods, involve fluid-only or modified fasting, each with distinct caloric intakes and initiation/refeeding protocols, driving metabolic adaptations and potential health-related gains. Prolonged fasting demonstrates potential in numerous health related facets. It aids in preventing noncommunicable diseases by enhancing insulin sensitivity, curbing inflammation, and bolstering cellular repair. Evidence indicates its potential efficacy in metabolic ailments like type 2 diabetes, ameliorating blood sugar control and corresponding markers. Additionally, fasting presents benefits for essential hypertension by reducing blood pressure and fostering cardiovascular health. Autoimmune diseases could benefit from the anti-inflammatory properties of prolonged fasting, possibly influencing gut microbiota. Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis exhibit improved symptoms and joint function with fasting, especially when followed by plant-based diets. Fasting could improve mental health through mood enhancement and anxiety reduction. In cancer treatment, short-term fasting complementing chemotherapy could potentially mitigate side effects. Fertility implications are being investigated, as fasting induces relevant hormonal adaptations. Despite promising existing data, rigorous research and larger studies are essential for confirming the efficacy of prolonged fasting in diverse health conditions. Prolonged fasting, though generally safe, entails absolute and relative contraindications necessitating medical attention, including tailored medication adjustments due to altered pharmacokinetics. Minor adverse effects are common, while severe imbalances and dehydration may arise if contraindications are overlooked.