The Structural Procedures of the Advanced Envelope Systems

The study examines the constitution of the components and devices for the mechanical, functional and executive composition of the envelope systems, starting from the configuration of the frames, profiles and connection methods (in the priority forms defined by vertical mullions and horizontal transoms connected to the main load-bearing apparatuses). The construction concept is based on the transmission of the loads from the façade system to the main load-bearing structures of the architectural organism. The frame profiles, consisting of mullions (vertical) and transoms (horizontal), which act according to constraints that allow for the phenomena of expansion, are elaborated with respect to the requirements of “thermal break” and the functions of protection with chemical treatments or coatings of metallic materials. The façade frames provide support for the vertical actions (such as their own weight, the weight of the closing elements and the weights of additional functional elements or devices), the horizontal actions generated by the closing elements and the bending actions. The study focuses on planning and coordination practices for application towards elevation structures, with the examination of geometric and adjustment check criteria. In this regard, the analysis considers the methodologies for anchoring the frames: the elaboration of the stirrup joints observes the types of action with respect to the façade plane, noting the connection modes related to the constraints with the structures. The examination continues with the development of the procedures and operational sequences for the assembly of the frames, highlighting the geometric and executive control methods. Then, the technical interface criteria between the framing, the horizontal elevation structures, the roof and storey sections are determined.