Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in Travellers

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease caused by the CCHF virus. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected ticks and the direct contact with the infected animals or humans. It is endemic in many countries in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and South-Eastern Europe, and it has been reported in many others since the infected ticks are introduced into new areas through movement and transport of wildlife and livestock and sick people visiting the endemic regions carry the virus to their home countries. Clinical findings range from asymptomatic or mild febrile illness to severe disease characterized by severe haemorrhagic manifestations, multi-organ failure and shock. The laboratory diagnosis of CCHF depends on the detection of the virus or viral antigens in clinical samples of the patients. The management includes supportive care and treatment of complications. Travelling is increasing all over the world and there have been reported cases of CCHF among travellers. During visit to an area where CCHF is reported, travellers can take some measures to prevent themselves from contracting CCHF including avoiding contact with animals, wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, staying in screened or air-conditioned places, practicing good hygiene, being aware of the risk, seeking advice from a healthcare provider, avoiding high-risk activities, and seeking medical attention if symptoms develop.