Ventilatory Support Associated with Extubation Sucess in Preterm Infants Can Reduce the Hospitalization Days

In this research, we aimed to investigate the clinical, ventilatory and physiological characteristics associated with extubation and verify the days in ventilator support in premature infants. This retrospective study analyzes 102 medical records of preterm infants who needed invasive mechanical ventilation from the Neonatal Intensive Care Units between January 2018 and December 2020. Data were divided into extubation success (i.e., 72 h without the need for re-intubation) and failure groups. Clinical data, ventilatory parameters, and arterial blood gas data were analyzed and compared between groups. Differences were considered statistically significant if p-value <0.05. The number of days in ventilatory support was high in the failure group but without statistical significance. The noninvasive ventilation support was high (81.4%) and higher in extubation success group. The majority of the preterm infants had extubation success (80.6%). The frequency mandatory were significantly higher and the oxygen saturation smaller in the failure group (p ≤ 0.05). The preterm infants that failed in the extubation process presented more respiratory instability, using higher pressure levels and mandatory frequency and higher days in hospitalization.