Cycling Lower-Limb Movement Analysis and Decoding by LSTM for a Motor Imagery-Based FES Rehabilitation System—A SCI Patient Case Study

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological impairment that affects motor and physiologic functions and consequently the health and quality of life of affected people. Then, motor function restoration is a priority for these individuals and a challenge for researchers and clinicians. This work presents an SCI case study, aiming to decode and analyze cyclic lower-limb movement by applying Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) on electroencephalograms (EEG) and Inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. The results showed that EEG decoding from voluntary and involuntary movement with kinesthetic motor imagery (KMI) achieved Pearson’s correlation value of 0.6, and \(R^2\) score of 0.36 for involuntary movement produced by functional electrical stimulation (FES) while the SCI individual also performed KMI. We observed that brain regions around Cz related to lower-limbs were excited in the SCI individual when he received FES to produce involuntary movements, and simultaneously performed KMI tracking his legs.