Development of a Device to Reduce the Toxicity of Road Transport Emissions

The chapter reveals topical issues related to the implementation of the “smart urban transport” approach. The aim of the research is to create ways to reduce the toxicity of motor transport emissions in highway zones, for the development of the process of digital transformation of the transport complex. The research task is to modernize the device of exhaust gas neutralization with the help of a catalytic converter to reduce the toxicity of vehicle emissions. The compositions of emissions during the operation of various types of internal combustion engines during fuel combustion have been analyzed. The factors leading to an increase in the content of emission components during the operation of internal combustion engines are considered. The components of emissions from vehicles are given depending on the operating modes and the type of internal combustion engine (ICE). The advantages of using catalytic converters, analysis of the structure, and disadvantages of work are shown. Modernization of the catalytic converter design through the use of recirculation systems is proposed, which makes it possible to increase the completeness of fuel combustion. The proposed modernization makes it possible to significantly reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by installing an exhaust gas recirculation valve after the thermal afterburning chamber. The calculated volume of exhaust gases for restarting allows us to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases, for example, in gasoline internal combustion engines—up to 40% at the maximum degree of recirculation of 25%.