Geology of Montenegro

The territory of Montenegro belongs to the Dinarides, a tectonically active area of complex tectonic structure and lithological composition, where four regional tectonic units are distinguished as follows: the Adriatic–Ionian zone, the Budva–Cukali zone, the High Karst zone and the Durmitor tectonic unit. The Durmitor tectonic unit is characterized by clastic sedimentary rocks of the Devonian–Carboniferous age, flysch sediments of the Carboniferous and clastic sediments of the Permian age. Mesozoic carbonate sediments predominate in the terrains of the High Karst and the Adriatic–Ionian zone, as well as in some areas of the Durmitor tectonic unit. Predominantly built of carbonate rocks—limestones and dolomites, the High Karst zone is an area of classic karst development in Montenegro having very emphasized karstification processes. The result of long-term chemical and mechanical erosion of carbonate rocks on the surface of the terrain and underground is the formation of speleological objects.