Mulberry: Mycorrhizal Interactions and Development Related to Other Organisms

Representative microorganisms of the rhizosphere layer represent crucial ecological functions in ecological cycle processes (Hossain et al. 2009; You et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2022). These microorganisms make very important functional contributions toward the sustainability of ecosystems, especially in the nutrient cycle, the decomposition of organic matter, and the energy flow in the soil (Xu et al. 2015; Maillard et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2022). The microbial community structure of the soil (especially bacteria and fungi) affects the nutrient transformation and availability in the soil in terms of ecological functionality (Urbanova et al. 2015; Liu et al. 2022). They play an active role in converting and absorbing phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in organic form, which cannot be directly absorbed and used by plants in the soil; the microorganisms thus change these into a usable form for plants (Liu et al. 2022).