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A Vivid Picture of the Distribution, Impact, and Consequences of Fluoride in Indian Perspective

  • Nilanjana Roy Chowdhury,
  • Sharmistha Majumder,
  • Swetanjana Ghosh,
  • S. Satheesh Babu,
  • Vijay Vidyadharan,
  • Juin Samanta,
  • Subhojit Bhowmick,
  • Sunil Kumar,
  • Tarit Roychowdhury

摘要

Water is essential for life and no living creature on earth can survive without it. Astonishingly, in many countries including India, drinking water supplies have become heavily contaminated, which has impacted human healthHuman health. Contaminants such as arsenicArsenic, fluorideFluoride, nitrates, salts, bacteria, and viruses have found their way into different water supplies as a result of inadequate treatment and disposal of waste (human and livestockLivestock), industrial discharges, and over-utilization of limited water sources (Singh and Mosley, S Pac J Nat Sci 21:31–34, 2003).