Recent Advancements in Chlorine Applications for Water Quality Control

Chlorine has been widely used for water disinfection since the early twentieth century, and recent advancements in its applications have led to more efficient and effective water treatment. The main focus of these advancements has been on reducing the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), It may be hazardous to human health. One approach to reducing DBP formation is the use of chlorine dioxide (ClO2), which has a higher oxidation potential than chlorine and can therefore more effectively oxidize organic matter in water. Another approach is the use of monochloramine, a less reactive and less volatile form of chlorine, that can be more stable in water and reduce DBP formation. Other advancements in chlorine applications include the use of automated monitoring and control systems to optimize chlorine dosing and reduce over- or under-dosing, and alternate methods of disinfection, include using ozone and ultraviolet (UV) light, which can be used in conjunction with chlorine to further reduce DBP formation. Overall, these advancements in chlorine applications have contributed to safer and more effective water treatment, with reduced risks of DBP exposure for consumers. This chapter discusses the recent advancements in chlorination and disinfection by-products, their types, guidelines for disinfection by-products, and methods for removing disinfection by-products.