GIS-Based Trends Analysis of THMs Compounds in Indian Drinking Water Supplies

The study explored the GIS-based trends analysis for various trihalomethane (THMs) compounds, namely chloroform (CF), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), and bromoform (BF) in Indian drinking supplies. Five water treatment plants (WTPs) were selected to establish the concentration and spatial distribution. THMs compounds were estimated using the liquid–liquid extraction method by vigorous pentane: water mixture agitation, with gas chromatography equipped with electron-capture detection (ECD). Higher concentrations of CF (319.85 to 380.72 μg/l) were observed when source waters were subject to elevated organic matter levels. GIS-based spatial distribution of various THMs compounds indicated CF was most prevalent in chlorinated drinking water. The formation of THMs is then rooted in operational and geographic factors. The observed trends analysis will help the researchers and scientists, including water professionals, to confiscate the problems of THMs and improve the water quality in the WTPs from future perspectives.