A Technical Review on the Implementation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Waste Recycling Methods
摘要
The widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in portable electronics such as smartphones and laptops highlight the significant need for long-lasting battery availability. The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) has further increased LIBs demand, leading to concerns about the depletion of lithium sources from the earth. Extracting methods such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and direct methods have been introduced to recover lithium. However, these methods most often result in environmental pollution. Therefore, it is imperative for a ‘greener’ or environmentally friendly method to be established. The introduction of an electrochemical method to recycle LIBs in 2016 is a big step towards fulfilling this goal. This technical paper comprehensively examines the various techniques for recycling lithium from spent LIBs. The focus is on evaluating and discussing the extent of usage, technological readiness, efficiency, and environmental aspects of the methods. Also, the techno economy aspect of generic LIBs recycling methods has been reviewed and included.