Comparative Analysis of Quantum Key Distribution Protocols: Security, Efficiency, and Practicality

Conventional cryptography commonly relies on the complexity of mathematical algorithms and the impractical amount of time required to crack the method, which ensures the strength of security in key distribution. However, if the process for distributing secret keys is inaccurate, it will be unsuccessful. As a recent solution to the key distribution problem, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has recently attracted a lot of research interest. QKD is a method for securely distributing encryption keys using the properties of quantum mechanics. There are several different protocols for QKD, each with its own advantages and limitations. In this comparative analysis, the most commonly used QKD protocols, including BB84, B92, E91, and SARG04 are examined and compared. Also, their proposed work, generation rates, and experimental feasibility are analyzed. The future directions and challenges for each of these protocols are discussed in this paper. The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various QKD protocols and their strengths and weaknesses.